Solana Portal API Reference - SQD Documentation

This page provides a quick reference for the Portal API. For the complete OpenAPI specification with all fields and options:

Complete Solana API Specification

View the full OpenAPI documentation with all available fields, filters, and detailed schemas →

Base URL

All Portal requests are made to:

https://portal.sqd.dev/datasets/{network}

Replace {network} with your target blockchain (e.g., solana-mainnet).

Core Endpoints

POST /stream

Stream blockchain data with filters. Includes unfinalized blocks.

POST /finalized-stream

Stream only finalized blocks. Use for production pipelines requiring certainty.

GET /metadata

Get dataset information: slot range, finality rules, and network details.

GET /timestamps/{timestamp}/block

Resolve a Unix timestamp to the first block at or after it.

Installation

npm install @subsquid/portal-client

Quick Start Examples

curl --compressed -X POST "https://portal.sqd.dev/datasets/solana-mainnet/stream" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "type": "solana",
    "fromBlock": 259984950,
    "toBlock": 259985000,
    "fields": {
      "block": { "number": true, "timestamp": true },
      "instruction": { "programId": true, "accounts": true, "data": true }
    }
  }'

Available Fields

Block Fields

Select which block header fields to retrieve:

fields: {
  block: {
    number: true,          // Slot number (field name: number)
    hash: true,            // Block hash
    parentNumber: true,    // Parent slot number
    parentHash: true,      // Parent block hash
    height: true,          // Block height
    timestamp: true,       // Unix timestamp
  }
}

Transaction Fields

Select transaction data fields:

fields: {
  transaction: {
    signatures: true,      // Transaction signatures (base58)
    feePayer: true,        // Fee payer address
    err: true,             // Transaction error (null if successful)
    version: true,         // Transaction version
    accountKeys: true,     // Account keys
    recentBlockhash: true, // Recent blockhash
    fee: true,             // Transaction fee
    computeUnitsConsumed: true, // Compute units consumed
  }
}

Instruction Fields

Select instruction data fields:

fields: {
  instruction: {
    programId: true,       // Program address
    accounts: true,        // Account addresses
    data: true,            // Instruction data (base58)
    transactionIndex: true, // Transaction index (use to match with transactions)
    instructionAddress: true,  // Instruction address in call tree
    isCommitted: true,     // Whether instruction succeeded
  }
}

Log Fields

Select log message fields:

fields: {
  log: {
    programId: true,       // Program address
    message: true,         // Log message
    kind: true,            // Log kind (log, data, other)
    transactionIndex: true, // Transaction index (use to match with transactions)
    instructionAddress: true,  // Instruction address
  }
}

Token Balance Fields

Select token balance fields:

fields: {
  tokenBalance: {
    account: true,         // Token account address
    preMint: true,         // Mint before transaction
    postMint: true,        // Mint after transaction
    preAmount: true,       // Balance before transaction
    postAmount: true,      // Balance after transaction
    preOwner: true,        // Owner before transaction
    postOwner: true,       // Owner after transaction
  }
}

Balance Fields

Select SOL balance fields:

fields: {
  balance: {
    account: true,         // Account address
    pre: true,             // Balance before transaction
    post: true,            // Balance after transaction
  }
}

Reward Fields

Select reward fields:

fields: {
  reward: {
    pubkey: true,          // Reward recipient
    lamports: true,        // Reward amount
    rewardType: true,      // Reward type
    postBalance: true,     // Balance after reward
  }
}

Filtering Options

Instruction Filters

Filter instructions by program, discriminator, or accounts:

instructions: [
  {
    programId: ["whirLbMiicVdio4qvUfM5KAg6Ct8VwpYzGff3uctyCc"], // Orca Whirlpool
    d8: ["0xf8c69e91e17587c8"], // Swap instruction discriminator
    accounts: ["7qbRF6YsyGuLUVs6Y1q64bdVrfe4ZcUUz1JRdoVNUJnm"], // Specific pool
  },
];

Filter logic:

Multiple program IDs in one object = OR
Multiple discriminators in one object = OR
Multiple filter objects = OR

Transaction Filters

Filter transactions by fee payer:

transactions: [
  {
    feePayer: ["YourWalletAddressHere"], // Fee payer addresses
  },
];

Log Filters

Filter logs by program and kind:

logs: [
  {
    programId: ["whirLbMiicVdio4qvUfM5KAg6Ct8VwpYzGff3uctyCc"],
    kind: ["log"], // log, data, or other
  },
];

Token Balance Filters

Filter token balances by mint or account:

tokenBalances: [
  {
    preMint: ["EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v"], // USDC
    account: ["TokenAccountAddress..."],
  },
];

Network Selection

Specify the Solana network when creating the data source:

// Solana mainnet
const solana = new DataSource({ network: "solana-mainnet" });

View All Networks

See complete list of supported Solana networks

Query Patterns

Pattern 1: Range Query

Query a specific slot range:

const blocks = await dataSource.getBlocks({
  from: 259984950,
  to: 260000000,
  fields: {
    /* fields */
  },
  instructions: [
    /* filters */
  ],
});

Pattern 2: Batch Processing

Process large ranges in batches:

const BATCH_SIZE = 10000;

for (let i = startSlot; i < endSlot; i += BATCH_SIZE) {
  const blocks = await dataSource.getBlocks({
    from: i,
    to: Math.min(i + BATCH_SIZE, endSlot),
    fields: {
      /* fields */
    },
  });

  // Process blocks
  await processBlocks(blocks);
}

Pattern 3: Multi-Program Query

Query multiple programs simultaneously:

const blocks = await dataSource.getBlocks({
  from: 259984950,
  to: 260000000,
  fields: {
    instruction: { programId: true, accounts: true, data: true },
  },
  instructions: [
    {
      programId: [
        "whirLbMiicVdio4qvUfM5KAg6Ct8VwpYzGff3uctyCc", // Orca Whirlpool
        "TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA", // SPL Token
      ],
    },
  ],
});

Performance Optimization

1. Request Only Needed Fields

// Good: Minimal fields
fields: {
  instruction: {
    programId: true,
    accounts: true,
  }
}

// Avoid: Requesting unnecessary fields
fields: {
  instruction: {
    programId: true,
    accounts: true,
    data: true,        // Only if needed
    transactionIndex: true,     // Only if needed (use to match with transactions)
  }
}

2. Use Specific Filters

// Good: Filter at Portal level
instructions: [
  {
    programId: ["SpecificProgram"],
    d8: ["SpecificDiscriminator"],
  },
];

// Avoid: Fetching everything and filtering in code
instructions: []; // Gets all instructions

3. Optimal Batch Sizes

// Good: 10k-50k slots per query for most use cases
const BATCH_SIZE = 10000;

// Adjust based on:
// - More filters = larger batches OK
// - More fields = smaller batches
// - More activity (mainnet) = smaller batches

4. Parallel Queries

// Process multiple ranges in parallel
const ranges = [
  { from: 259984950, to: 260000000 },
  { from: 260000000, to: 260015000 },
  { from: 260015000, to: 260030000 },
];

const results = await Promise.all(
  ranges.map((range) =>
    dataSource.getBlocks({
      from: range.from,
      to: range.to,
      fields: {
        /* fields */
      },
    })
  )
);

Resolve a timestamp to a block

GET /datasets/{dataset}/timestamps/{timestamp}/block returns the number of the first block whose timestamp is greater than or equal to the given Unix timestamp (in seconds). Use it to turn a wall-clock time into a fromBlock for a stream query.

curl 'https://portal.sqd.dev/datasets/solana-mainnet/timestamps/1713053593/block'

{ "block_number": 259984800 }

Resolution prefers archival data and falls back to the real-time source when available; the x-sqd-data-source response header reports which one served the result (network or real_time). The endpoint returns 404 if no block at or after the timestamp exists yet.

Stream continuation

A single /stream response is a batch, not the complete range. The server may close the connection at any point: when a worker’s range ends, when a connection is recycled, or at the current dataset head. Clients that treat one HTTP response as the whole query will silently drop slots. To stream a range to completion, loop:

async function streamRange(from: number, to: number | undefined, body: any) {
  let currentFrom = from;
  while (to === undefined || currentFrom <= to) {
    const res = await fetch(
      "https://portal.sqd.dev/datasets/solana-mainnet/stream",
      {
        method: "POST",
        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
        body: JSON.stringify({ ...body, fromBlock: currentFrom, toBlock: to }),
      }
    );

    if (res.status === 204) break; // range is above the dataset head
    if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${res.status}: ${await res.text()}`);

    const lines = (await res.text()).trim().split("\n").filter(Boolean);
    if (lines.length === 0) break;

    let lastBlock = currentFrom - 1;
    for (const line of lines) {
      const block = JSON.parse(line);
      // ... process block ...
      lastBlock = block.header.number;
    }
    currentFrom = lastBlock + 1;
  }
}

Key points:

Read the last block’s header.number, issue the next request with fromBlock = lastNumber + 1.
Keep toBlock, fields, and filters identical across retries.
A 204 No Content response means the range is above the dataset head. For historical queries, you’re done; for open-ended queries, wait and retry.

Handling reorgs near the chain head

When a request starts at or near the chain tip, the block you asked for may no longer be on the canonical chain by the time Portal processes the query. To detect this, pass parentBlockHash with each request (the hash of the block immediately before fromBlock):

const body = {
  type: "solana",
  fromBlock: lastBlock.number + 1,
  parentBlockHash: lastBlock.hash, // hash of lastBlock, i.e. parent of fromBlock
  fields: { block: { number: true, hash: true, parentHash: true } },
  instructions: [
    /* filters */
  ],
};

If the chain has reorged away from parentBlockHash, Portal returns HTTP 409 with a list of blocks that are on the current canonical chain:

{
  "previousBlocks": [
    { "number": 259984850, "hash": "A1b2C3..." },
    { "number": 259984849, "hash": "9F8e7D..." }
  ]
}

Client recovery:

Find a block in your local state whose (number, hash) matches one of previousBlocks.
Roll back your pipeline to that block.
Resume the stream with fromBlock = matched.number + 1 and parentBlockHash = matched.hash.

Streams opened against /finalized-stream (instead of /stream) never return 409: only finalized blocks are served, so there’s nothing to reorg. Use that endpoint when you don’t need real-time data.

Error Handling

try {
  const blocks = await dataSource.getBlocks({
    from: 259984950,
    to: 260000000,
    fields: {
      /* fields */
    },
  });
} catch (error) {
  if (error.code === "RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED") {
    // HTTP 429: Public Portal rate limit. Honor Retry-After if set.
    console.error("Rate limit exceeded, waiting...");
    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 10000));
  } else if (error.code === "CONFLICT") {
    // HTTP 409: chain reorg. See "Handling reorgs near the chain head" above.
    const { previousBlocks } = error.body;
    // Roll back to a common ancestor and resume.
  } else if (error.code === "INVALID_SLOT_RANGE") {
    // HTTP 400: fromBlock is below the dataset's start_block, or the query is malformed.
    console.error("Invalid slot range");
  } else if (error.code === "NETWORK_ERROR") {
    // Transport error, retry with backoff.
    console.error("Network error, retrying...");
  } else {
    // HTTP 500: do not retry. HTTP 503: retry later, honor Retry-After.
    console.error("Unknown error:", error);
  }
}

Common Use Cases

Use Case 1: Instruction Monitoring

Monitor specific program instructions:

const blocks = await dataSource.getBlocks({
  from: latestProcessedSlot + 1,
  fields: {
    block: { number: true, timestamp: true },
    instruction: { programId: true, accounts: true, data: true },
  },
  instructions: [
    {
      programId: [PROGRAM_ADDRESS],
      d8: [INSTRUCTION_DISCRIMINATOR],
    },
  ],
});

Use Case 2: Transaction Tracking

Track transactions from/to specific addresses:

const blocks = await dataSource.getBlocks({
  from: startSlot,
  to: endSlot,
  fields: {
    transaction: { signatures: true, feePayer: true },
  },
  transactions: [
    {
      feePayer: [WATCHED_ADDRESS],
    },
  ],
});

Use Case 3: Analytics Pipeline

Build analytics on blockchain data:

const blocks = await dataSource.getBlocks({
  from: startSlot,
  to: endSlot,
  fields: {
    block: { number: true, timestamp: true },
    transaction: { fee: true },
  },
});

// Aggregate statistics
const stats = blocks.map((block) => ({
  slot: block.header.number,
  txCount: block.transactions.length,
  totalFees: block.transactions.reduce(
    (sum, tx) => sum + BigInt(tx.fee || 0),
    0n
  ),
}));

Request Structure Reference

Every Portal request follows this structure:

{
  type: "solana",              // Chain type
  fromBlock: number,            // Starting slot number (inclusive, field name: fromBlock)
  toBlock?: number,             // Ending slot number (inclusive, optional, field name: toBlock)
  fields: {                    // What data to return
    block?: { ... },
    transaction?: { ... },
    instruction?: { ... },
    log?: { ... },
    tokenBalance?: { ... },
    balance?: { ... },
    reward?: { ... }
  },
  instructions?: [...],        // Filter by instructions
  transactions?: [...],       // Filter by transactions
  logs?: [...],               // Filter by logs
  tokenBalances?: [...],      // Filter by token balances
  balances?: [...],           // Filter by balances
  rewards?: [...]             // Filter by rewards
}

Response Format

Portal returns newline-delimited JSON (NDJSON), with one block per line:

{"header": {"number": 259984950, ...}, "instructions": [...], "transactions": [...]}
{"header": {"number": 259984951, ...}, "instructions": [...], "transactions": [...]}
{"header": {"number": 259984952, ...}, "instructions": [...], "transactions": [...]}

This format enables constant-memory streaming of arbitrary ranges.

Common Patterns

Batch Processing

Process large slot ranges by splitting into manageable chunks:

const BATCH_SIZE = 10000;
for (let from = startSlot; from < endSlot; from += BATCH_SIZE) {
  const to = Math.min(from + BATCH_SIZE, endSlot);
  const blocks = await fetch(/* ... */);
}

Real-time Streaming

Stream new blocks as they arrive using /finalized-stream:

const response = await fetch(
  'https://portal.sqd.dev/datasets/solana-mainnet/finalized-stream',
  { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({
    type: 'solana',
    fromBlock: latestProcessedSlot + 1,
    fields: { /* ... */ }
  })}
);

Error Handling

Handle rate limits and network errors gracefully:

try {
  const response = await fetch(/* ... */);
  if (!response.ok) {
    if (response.status === 429) {
      // Rate limited - wait and retry
      await sleep(10000);
    }
  }
} catch (error) {
  // Network error - implement retry logic
}

Complete API Specification

For the complete OpenAPI specification with all available fields, options, and detailed schemas:

Full Solana API Specification

View complete OpenAPI documentation with all endpoints, fields, and options →

Next Steps

View Examples

Explore practical Portal examples for common use cases

Supported Networks

See complete list of supported Solana networks

Quickstart Guide

Make your first Portal request in 5 minutes

Complete Solana API Specification

​Base URL

​Core Endpoints

POST /stream

POST /finalized-stream

GET /metadata

GET /timestamps/{timestamp}/block

​Installation

​Quick Start Examples

​Available Fields

​Block Fields

​Transaction Fields

​Instruction Fields

​Log Fields

​Token Balance Fields

​Balance Fields

​Reward Fields

​Filtering Options

​Instruction Filters

​Transaction Filters

​Log Filters

​Token Balance Filters

​Network Selection

View All Networks

​Query Patterns

​Pattern 1: Range Query

​Pattern 2: Batch Processing

​Pattern 3: Multi-Program Query

​Performance Optimization

​1. Request Only Needed Fields

​2. Use Specific Filters

​3. Optimal Batch Sizes

​4. Parallel Queries

​Resolve a timestamp to a block

​Stream continuation

​Handling reorgs near the chain head

​Error Handling

​Common Use Cases

​Use Case 1: Instruction Monitoring

​Use Case 2: Transaction Tracking

​Use Case 3: Analytics Pipeline

​Request Structure Reference

​Response Format

​Common Patterns

​Complete API Specification

Full Solana API Specification

​Next Steps

View Examples

Supported Networks

Quickstart Guide

Base URL

Core Endpoints

Installation

Quick Start Examples

Available Fields

Block Fields

Transaction Fields

Instruction Fields

Log Fields

Token Balance Fields

Balance Fields

Reward Fields

Filtering Options

Instruction Filters

Transaction Filters

Log Filters

Token Balance Filters

Network Selection

Query Patterns

Pattern 1: Range Query

Pattern 2: Batch Processing

Pattern 3: Multi-Program Query

Performance Optimization

1. Request Only Needed Fields

2. Use Specific Filters

3. Optimal Batch Sizes

4. Parallel Queries

Resolve a timestamp to a block

Stream continuation

Handling reorgs near the chain head

Error Handling

Common Use Cases

Use Case 1: Instruction Monitoring

Use Case 2: Transaction Tracking

Use Case 3: Analytics Pipeline

Request Structure Reference

Response Format

Common Patterns

Complete API Specification

Next Steps